Merge pull request 'Cleanup and minimal documentation added.' (#46) from dev into main

Reviewed-on: #46

00-Troubleshooting/README.md

@@ -52,14 +52,16 @@ Warning [IST0104] (Gateway default/helloworld-gateway) The gateway refers to a p
 
 Target a pod and start a packet capture on the istio-proxy container.
 
-This step requires istio to be installed with the flag `values.global.proxy.privileged=true`
+This step requires Istio to be installed with the flag `values.global.proxy.privileged=true`
 
 This is very useful to confirm if the service is receiving any traffic, or which is the traffic received.
 
 If mTLS is  enabled and configured, the traffic received should be encrypted.
 
 ```shell
-$ kubectl exec -n default  "$(kubectl get pod -n default -l app=helloworld -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c istio-proxy -- sudo tcpdump dst port 80  -A
+kubectl exec -n default  "$(kubectl get pod -n default -l app=helloworld -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c istio-proxy -- sudo tcpdump dst port 80  -A
+```
+```text
 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v[v]... for full protocol decode
 listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), snapshot length 262144 bytes
 ...

01-Getting_Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment/Deployment.yaml

@@ -1,25 +1,3 @@
-# https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: helloworld
-  labels:
-    app: helloworld
-    service: helloworld
-spec:
-  ports:
-    - port: 80
-      name: http
-  selector:
-    app: helloworld
----
-#apiVersion: v1
-#kind: ServiceAccount
-#metadata:
-#  name: istio-helloworld
-#  labels:
-#    account:
----
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
@@ -36,7 +14,6 @@ spec:
       labels:
         app: helloworld
     spec:
-#      serviceAccountName: istio-helloworld
       containers:
         - name: helloworld
           image: nginx

01-Getting_Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment/Gateway.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"

01-Getting_Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+---
+gitea: none
+include_toc: true
+---
+
+
+# Description 
+
+This is the most basic example, most of the examples spread through this [repository](../../) will be using variants of this. 
+
+This example configures:
+
+    Generic Kubernetes resources:
+    - 1 Service
+    - 1 Deployment
+    
+    Istio resources:
+    - 1 Gateway
+    - 1 Virtual Service
+
+> **Note:**\
+> I don't intend to explain thing related to Kubernetes unless necessary.
+
+# Configuration
+
+## Service
+
+Creates a service named `helloworld`.
+
+This service listens for the port `80` expecting `HTTP` traffic and will forward the incoming traffic towards the port `80` from the destination pod.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld
+```
+
+## Deployment
+
+Deploys a Nginx server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-nginx
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: nginx
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #Always
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+## Gateway
+
+Deploys an Istio gateway that's listening to the port `80` for `HTTP` traffic.
+
+It doesn't filter for any specific host.
+
+The `selector` field is used to "choose" which Istio Load Balancers will have this gateway assigned to.
+
+The Istio `default` profile creates a Load Balancer in the namespace `istio-system` that has the label `istio: ingressgateway` set, allowing us to target that specific Load Balancer and assign this gateway resource to it.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"
+```
+
+## VirtualService
+
+The Virtual Service resources are used to route and filter the received traffic from the gateway resources, and route it towards the desired destination.
+
+On this example we select the gateway `helloworld-gateway`, which is the [gateway that 's described in the `Gateway` section](#gateway).
+
+On this resource, we are also not limiting the incoming traffic to any specific host, allowing for all the incoming traffic to go through the rules set. 
+
+Here we created a rule that will be applied on `HTTP` related traffic (including `HTTPS` and `HTTP2`) when the destination path is exactly `/helloworld`.
+
+This traffic will be forwarded to the port `80` of the destination service `helloworld` (the full path URL equivalent would be `helloworld.$NAMESPACE.svc.cluster.local`).
+
+Additionally, there will be an internal URL rewrite set, as if the URL is not modified, it would attempt to reach to the `/helloworld` path from the Nginx deployment, which currently has no content and would result in an error code `404` (Not found).
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld
+            port:
+              number: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"
+```
+
+# Walkthrough
+
+## Deploy resources
+
+Deploy the resources.
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f ./ 
+```
+```text
+deployment.apps/helloworld-nginx created
+gateway.networking.istio.io/helloworld-gateway created
+service/helloworld created
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io/helloworld-vs created
+```
+
+## Wait for the deployment to be ready
+
+Wait for the Nginx deployment to be up and ready.
+
+```shell
+kubectl get deployment helloworld-nginx -w 
+```
+```text
+NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
+helloworld-nginx   1/1     1            1           44s
+```
+
+## Test the service
+
+### Get LB IP
+
+To perform the desired tests, we will need to obtain the IP Istio Load Balancer that we selected in the [Gateway section](#gateway).
+
+On my environment, the IP is the `192.168.1.50`.
+
+```shell
+kubectl get svc -l istio=ingressgateway -A
+```
+```text
+NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)                                      AGE
+istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.97.47.216   192.168.1.50   15021:31316/TCP,80:32012/TCP,443:32486/TCP   39h
+```
+
+### Curl /helloworld
+
+Due to accessing the path `/helloworld`, we are triggering the rule set on the [VirtualService configuration](#virtualservice), sending a request to the Nginx backend and returning us its contents. 
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<title>.*</title>" 
+```
+```text
+<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
+```
+
+### Curl /other
+
+What happens if we access a path or URL that doesn't trigger any rule?
+
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/other -s -I 
+```
+```text
+HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
+date: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 22:16:30 GMT
+server: istio-envoy
+transfer-encoding: chunked
+```
+
+We receive a status code `404`.
+
+I would like to put emphasis on the following line returned:
+
+```text
+server: istio-envoy
+```
+
+This means that the contents returned was performed by the Istio service, instead of the Nginx or any other possible backend service.
+
+## Cleanup
+
+Finally, a cleanup from the resources deployed.
+
+```shell
+kubectl delete -f ./
+```
+```text
+deployment.apps "helloworld-nginx" deleted
+gateway.networking.istio.io "helloworld-gateway" deleted
+service "helloworld" deleted
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io "helloworld-vs" deleted
+```

01-Getting_Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment/Service.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld

01-Getting_Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment/VirtualService.yaml

@@ -1,19 +1,4 @@
 apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
-kind: Gateway
-metadata:
-  name: helloworld-gateway
-spec:
-  selector:
-    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
-  servers:
-    - port:
-        number: 80
-        name: http
-        protocol: HTTP
-      hosts:
-        - "*"
----
-apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
 kind: VirtualService
 metadata:
   name: helloworld-vs

01-Getting_Started/02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged/Deployment.yaml

@@ -1,25 +1,3 @@
-# https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: helloworld
-  labels:
-    app: helloworld
-    service: helloworld
-spec:
-  ports:
-    - port: 80
-      name: http
-  selector:
-    app: helloworld
----
-#apiVersion: v1
-#kind: ServiceAccount
-#metadata:
-#  name: istio-helloworld
-#  labels:
-#    account:
----
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
@@ -36,7 +14,6 @@ spec:
       labels:
         app: helloworld
     spec:
-#      serviceAccountName: istio-helloworld
       containers:
         - name: helloworld
           image: nginx
@@ -63,7 +40,6 @@ spec:
       labels:
         app: helloworld
     spec:
-#      serviceAccountName: istio-helloworld
       containers:
         - name: helloworld
           image: httpd

01-Getting_Started/02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged/Gateway.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"

01-Getting_Started/02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+---
+gitea: none
+include_toc: true
+---
+
+# Description
+
+This example deploys the same infrastructure as the  [previous example](../01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment), this time containing 2 deployments under the same service.
+
+This example configures:
+
+    Generic Kubernetes resources:
+    - 1 Service
+    - 2 Deployments
+    
+    Istio resources:
+    - 1 Gateway
+    - 1 Virtual Service
+
+
+# Based on
+
+- [01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment](../01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment)
+
+# Configuration
+
+## Service
+
+Creates a service named `helloworld`.
+
+This service listens for the port `80` expecting `HTTP` traffic and will forward the incoming traffic towards the port `80` from the destination pod.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld
+```
+
+## Deployment
+
+### helloworld-v1
+
+Deploys a Nginx server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-v1
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: nginx
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+### helloworld-v2
+
+Deploys an Apache server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-v2
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: httpd
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+## Gateway
+
+Deploys an Istio gateway that's listening to the port `80` for `HTTP` traffic.
+
+It doesn't filter for any specific host.
+
+The `selector` field is used to "choose" which Istio Load Balancers will have this gateway assigned to.
+
+The Istio `default` profile creates a Load Balancer in the namespace `istio-system` that has the label `istio: ingressgateway` set, allowing us to target that specific Load Balancer and assign this gateway resource to it.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"
+```
+
+## VirtualService
+
+The Virtual Service resources are used to route and filter the received traffic from the gateway resources, and route it towards the desired destination.
+
+On this example we select the gateway `helloworld-gateway`, which is the [gateway that 's described in the `Gateway` section](#gateway).
+
+On this resource, we are also not limiting the incoming traffic to any specific host, allowing for all the incoming traffic to go through the rules set.
+
+Here we created a rule that will be applied on `HTTP` related traffic (including `HTTPS` and `HTTP2`) when the destination path is exactly `/helloworld`.
+
+This traffic will be forwarded to the port `80` of the destination service `helloworld` (the full path URL equivalent would be `helloworld.$NAMESPACE.svc.cluster.local`).
+
+Additionally, there will be an internal URL rewrite set, as if the URL is not modified, it would attempt to reach to the `/helloworld` path from the Nginx deployment, which currently has no content and would result in an error code `404` (Not found).
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld
+            port:
+              number: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"
+```
+
+
+# Walkthrough
+
+## Deploy resources
+
+Deploy the resources.
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f ./
+```
+```text 
+deployment.apps/helloworld-v1 created
+deployment.apps/helloworld-v2 created
+gateway.networking.istio.io/helloworld-gateway created
+service/helloworld created
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io/helloworld-vs created
+```
+
+## Wait for the pods to be ready
+
+Wait for the Apache and Nginx deployments to be up and ready.
+
+```shell
+kubectl get deployment helloworld-v{1..2} -w
+```
+```text 
+NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
+helloworld-v1   1/1     1            1           4m1s
+helloworld-v2   1/1     1            1           4m1s
+```
+
+## Test the service
+
+### Get LB IP
+
+To perform the desired tests, we will need to obtain the IP Istio Load Balancer that we selected in the [Gateway section](#gateway).
+
+On my environment, the IP is the `192.168.1.50`.
+
+```shell
+kubectl get svc -l istio=ingressgateway -A
+```
+```text
+NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)                                      AGE
+istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.97.47.216   192.168.1.50   15021:31316/TCP,80:32012/TCP,443:32486/TCP   39h
+```
+
+### Curl
+
+Performing a series of `curl` requests, we can observe how the response iterate between the Nginx and Apache backends. 
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+```
+```text
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+```
+
+```shell
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+```
+```text
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+```
+
+## Cleanup
+
+Finally, a cleanup from the resources deployed.
+
+```shell
+kubectl delete -f ./
+```
+```text
+deployment.apps "helloworld-v1" deleted
+deployment.apps "helloworld-v2" deleted
+gateway.networking.istio.io "helloworld-gateway" deleted
+service "helloworld" deleted
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io "helloworld-vs" deleted
+```

01-Getting_Started/02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged/Service.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld

01-Getting_Started/02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged/VirtualService.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld
+            port:
+              number: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"

01-Getting_Started/03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version/Deployment.yaml

@@ -1,37 +1,11 @@
-# https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml
-
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: helloworld
-  namespace: defaultnt
-  labels:
-    app: helloworldll
-    service: helloworld
-    sidecar.istio.io/inject: "false"
-spec:
-  ports:
-    - port: 80
-      name: http
-  selector:
-    app: helloworld
----
-#apiVersion: v1
-#kind: ServiceAccount
-#metadata:
-#  name: istio-helloworld
-#  labels:
-#    account:
----
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: helloworld-v1
-  namespace: defaultnt
   labels:
     app: helloworld
     version: v1
+  namespace: default
 spec:
   replicas: 1
   selector:
@@ -58,10 +32,10 @@ apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: helloworld-v2
-  namespace: defaultnt
   labels:
     app: helloworld
     version: v2
+  namespace: default
 spec:
   replicas: 1
   selector:
@@ -82,5 +56,4 @@ spec:
               cpu: "100m"
           imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
           ports:
-            - containerPort: 80
----
+            - containerPort: 80

01-Getting_Started/03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version/DestinationRule.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: DestinationRule
+metadata:
+  # name: helloworld (OLD)
+  name: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local # Destination that will "interject"
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  #  host: helloworld # destination service (OLD)
+  host: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local # Full destination service, lil better for consistency
+  subsets:
+    - name: v1
+      labels:
+        version: v1
+    - name: v2
+      labels:
+        version: v2

01-Getting_Started/03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version/Gateway.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"

01-Getting_Started/03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+---
+gitea: none
+include_toc: true
+---
+
+# Description
+
+Based on the [previous example](../02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged), where we created 2 deployments under the same service, we will attribute different tags to each Deployment, and afterwards, through the usage of a [DestinationRule](#destinationrule), internationally target the desired backend to route the traffic towards it. 
+
+This is example is based on the following post regarding [canary deployments on Istio](https://istio.io/latest/blog/2017/0.1-canary/).
+
+This example configures:
+
+    Generic Kubernetes resources:
+    - 1 Service
+    - 2 Deployments
+    
+    Istio resources:
+    - 1 Gateway
+    - 1 Virtual Service
+    - 1 Destination rule
+
+Additionally, for consistency, now the resources are being created in the `default` namespace.
+
+As well, on the [VirtualService section](#virtualservice), we are targeting the service `helloworld` by the full URL, where on previous examples it was targeted by `helloworld`, now it's targeted by `helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local`.
+
+# Based on
+
+- [02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged](../02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged)
+
+# Configuration
+
+## Service
+
+Creates a service named `helloworld`.
+
+This service listens for the port `80` expecting `HTTP` traffic and will forward the incoming traffic towards the port `80` from the destination pod.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld
+```
+
+## Deployment
+
+### helloworld-v1
+
+Deploys a Nginx server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+On this deployment, we attributed the label `version` set to `v1`, this will be used by the [DestinationRule](#destinationrule) resource to target this deployment.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-v1
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    version: v1
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+      version: v1
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+        version: v1
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: nginx
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+### helloworld-v2
+
+Deploys an Apache server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+On this deployment, we attributed the label `version` set to `v2`, this will be used by the [DestinationRule](#destinationrule) resource to target this deployment.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-v2
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    version: v2
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+      version: v2
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+        version: v2
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: httpd
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+## Gateway
+
+Deploys an Istio gateway that's listening to the port `80` for `HTTP` traffic.
+
+It doesn't filter for any specific host.
+
+The `selector` field is used to "choose" which Istio Load Balancers will have this gateway assigned to.
+
+The Istio `default` profile creates a Load Balancer in the namespace `istio-system` that has the label `istio: ingressgateway` set, allowing us to target that specific Load Balancer and assign this gateway resource to it.
+
+
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"
+```
+
+## VirtualService
+
+The Virtual Service resources are used to route and filter the received traffic from the gateway resources, and route it towards the desired destination.
+
+On this example we select the gateway `helloworld-gateway`, which is the [gateway that 's described in the `Gateway` section](#gateway).
+
+On this resource, we are also not limiting the incoming traffic to any specific host, allowing for all the incoming traffic to go through the rules set.
+
+Here we created a rule that will be applied on `HTTP` related traffic (including `HTTPS` and `HTTP2`) when the destination path is exactly `/helloworld`.
+
+This traffic will be forwarded to the port `80` of the destination service `helloworld` (the full path URL equivalent would be `helloworld.$NAMESPACE.svc.cluster.local`).
+
+There will be an internal URL rewrite set, as if the URL is not modified, it would attempt to reach to the `/helloworld` path from the Nginx deployment, which currently has no content and would result in an error code `404` (Not found).
+
+Also, there's been configured 2 destinations under the same rule, each one with a `subset` set, which will be used by the [DestinationRule](#destinationrule) object to manage the traffic from each destination.
+
+As well, where each one of the destinations mentioned, has a `weight` set, this value will be used to distribute the incoming requests towards the specified subsets.
+
+> **Note:**
+> A 20% of the traffic will be sent to the `subset` v1, meanwhile 80% will be sent to the `subset` v2.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local
+            #            host: helloworld (OLD)
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v1
+          weight: 20
+        - destination:
+            #            host: helloworld (OLD)
+            host: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v2
+          weight: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"
+```
+
+## DestinationRule
+
+This `DestinationRule` interferes with the traffic with destination `helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local`.
+
+Contains 2 subsets defined, where each one will target a different backend.
+
+A reminder that the `version: v1` was given to the Nginx backend, meanwhile the Apache backend had set `version: v2`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: DestinationRule
+metadata:
+  # name: helloworld (OLD)
+  name: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local # Destination that will "interject"
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  #  host: helloworld # destination service (OLD)
+  host: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local # Full destination service, lil better for consistency
+  subsets:
+    - name: v1
+      labels:
+        version: v1
+    - name: v2
+      labels:
+        version: v2
+```
+
+# Walkthrough
+
+## Deploy resources
+
+Deploy the resources.
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f ./
+```
+```text 
+deployment.apps/helloworld-v1 created
+deployment.apps/helloworld-v2 created
+destinationrule.networking.istio.io/helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local created
+gateway.networking.istio.io/helloworld-gateway created
+service/helloworld created
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io/helloworld-vs created
+```
+
+## Wait for the pods to be ready
+
+Wait for the Apache and Nginx deployments to be up and ready.
+
+```shell
+watch -n 2 kubectl get deployment helloworld-v{1..2} 
+```
+```text 
+NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
+helloworld-v1   1/1     1            1           58s
+helloworld-v2   1/1     1            1           58s
+```
+
+## Test the service
+
+### Get LB IP
+
+To perform the desired tests, we will need to obtain the IP Istio Load Balancer that we selected in the [Gateway section](#gateway).
+
+On my environment, the IP is the `192.168.1.50`.
+
+```shell
+kubectl get svc -l istio=ingressgateway -A
+```
+```text
+NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)                                      AGE
+istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.97.47.216   192.168.1.50   15021:31316/TCP,80:32012/TCP,443:32486/TCP   39h
+```
+
+### Curl
+
+By performing a series of curls, we can notice how the output received iterates between Nginx and Apache.
+
+If we take into account the configuration set, and we review the results, we can notice how the ratio is close to the one configured in the [VirtualService](#virtualservice) section.
+
+> Nginx instances (v1): 2 \
+> Apache instances (v2): 9
+
+```text
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+```
+
+## Check Istio internal configurations created
+
+Using the command `istioctl x describe pod $POD`, we can see which Istio configuration is currently attributed to that specific pod.
+
+### v1
+
+We can notice the following line:
+
+`Weight 20%`
+
+Which matches the configuration set in the [VirtualService](#virtualservice) configuration.
+
+```sh
+istioctl x describe pod $(kubectl get pod -l app=helloworld,version=v1 -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
+```
+```text
+Pod: helloworld-v1-7454b56b86-4cksf
+   Pod Revision: default
+   Pod Ports: 80 (helloworld), 15090 (istio-proxy)
+--------------------
+Service: helloworld
+   Port: http 80/HTTP targets pod port 80
+DestinationRule: helloworld for "helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local"
+   Matching subsets: v1
+      (Non-matching subsets v2)
+   No Traffic Policy
+--------------------
+Effective PeerAuthentication:
+   Workload mTLS mode: PERMISSIVE
+
+
+Exposed on Ingress Gateway http://192.168.1.50
+VirtualService: helloworld-vs
+   Weight 20%
+   /helloworld
+```
+
+### v2
+
+We can notice the following line:
+
+`Weight 80%`
+
+Which matches the configuration set in the [VirtualService](#virtualservice) configuration.
+
+```shell
+istioctl x describe pod `kubectl get pod -l app=helloworld,version=v2 -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name 
+```
+```text
+Pod: helloworld-v2-64b5656d99-5bwgr
+   Pod Revision: default
+   Pod Ports: 80 (helloworld), 15090 (istio-proxy)
+--------------------
+Service: helloworld
+   Port: http 80/HTTP targets pod port 80
+DestinationRule: helloworld for "helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local"
+   Matching subsets: v2
+      (Non-matching subsets v1)
+   No Traffic Policy
+--------------------
+Effective PeerAuthentication:
+   Workload mTLS mode: PERMISSIVE
+
+
+Exposed on Ingress Gateway http://192.168.1.50
+VirtualService: helloworld-vs
+   Weight 80%
+   /helloworld
+```
+
+## Cleanup
+
+Finally, a cleanup from the resources deployed.
+
+```shell
+kubectl delete -f ./
+```
+```text
+deployment.apps "helloworld-v1" deleted
+deployment.apps "helloworld-v2" deleted
+destinationrule.networking.istio.io "helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local" deleted
+gateway.networking.istio.io "helloworld-gateway" deleted
+service "helloworld" deleted
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io "helloworld-vs" deleted
+```
+
+
+# Links of Interest
+
+- https://istio.io/latest/blog/2017/0.1-canary/
+- https://istio.io/latest/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/#DestinationRule

01-Getting_Started/03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version/Service.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld

01-Getting_Started/03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version/VirtualService.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local
+            #            host: helloworld (OLD)
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v1
+          weight: 20
+        - destination:
+            #            host: helloworld (OLD)
+            host: helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v2
+          weight: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/01-namespace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: foo

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/Deployment.yaml

@@ -1,29 +1,8 @@
-# https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: helloworld
-  labels:
-    app: helloworld
-    service: helloworld
-spec:
-  ports:
-    - port: 80
-      name: http
-  selector:
-    app: helloworld
----
-#apiVersion: v1
-#kind: ServiceAccount
-#metadata:
-#  name: istio-helloworld
-#  labels:
-#    account:
----
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: helloworld-v1
+  namespace: foo
   labels:
     app: helloworld
     version: v1
@@ -39,7 +18,6 @@ spec:
         app: helloworld
         version: v1
     spec:
-#      serviceAccountName: istio-helloworld
       containers:
         - name: helloworld
           image: nginx
@@ -54,6 +32,7 @@ apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: helloworld-v2
+  namespace: foo
   labels:
     app: helloworld
     version: v2
@@ -69,7 +48,6 @@ spec:
         app: helloworld
         version: v2
     spec:
-#      serviceAccountName: istio-helloworld
       containers:
         - name: helloworld
           image: httpd

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/DestinationRule.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: DestinationRule
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  namespace: foo
+spec:
+  host: helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local # Full destination service, lil better for consistency
+  subsets:
+    - name: v1
+      labels:
+        version: v1
+    - name: v2
+      labels:
+        version: v2

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/Gateway.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+---
+gitea: none
+include_toc: true
+---
+
+# Description
+
+Based on the [previous example](../03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version), we create the previous deployments in a different namespace than the Istio VirtualService object, in this case we create them in the namespace `foo`.
+
+This is example is based on the following post regarding [canary deployments on Istio](https://istio.io/latest/blog/2017/0.1-canary/).
+
+This example configures:
+
+    Generic Kubernetes resources:
+    - 1 Namespace
+    - 1 Service
+    - 2 Deployments
+    
+    Istio resources:
+    - 1 Gateway
+    - 1 Virtual Service
+    - 1 Destination rule
+
+Additionally, for consistency, now the resources are being created in the `default` namespace.
+
+On this example, the `service`, the `deployment`, and the Istio `DestinationRule` are being created in the namespace `foo`.
+
+As well, on the [VirtualService section](#virtualservice), we are targeting the service `helloworld` by the full URL, where on previous examples it was targeted by `helloworld`, now it's targeted by `helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local`.
+
+# Based on
+
+- [03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version](../03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version)
+
+# Configuration
+
+## Namespace
+
+Creates a namespace named `foo`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: foo
+```
+
+## Service
+
+Creates a service named `helloworld`.
+
+This service listens for the port `80` expecting `HTTP` traffic and will forward the incoming traffic towards the port `80` from the destination pod.
+
+The service is created in the namespace `foo`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  namespace: foo
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld
+```
+
+## Deployment
+
+### helloworld-v1
+
+Deploys a Nginx server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+On this deployment, we attributed the label `version` set to `v1`, this will be used by the [DestinationRule](#destinationrule) resource to target this deployment.
+
+The deployment is created in the namespace `foo`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-v1
+  namespace: foo
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    version: v1
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+      version: v1
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+        version: v1
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: nginx
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+### helloworld-v2
+
+Deploys an Apache server that listens for the port `80`.
+
+On this deployment, we attributed the label `version` set to `v2`, this will be used by the [DestinationRule](#destinationrule) resource to target this deployment.
+
+The deployment is created in the namespace `foo`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-v2
+  namespace: foo
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    version: v2
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: helloworld
+      version: v2
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: helloworld
+        version: v2
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: helloworld
+          image: httpd
+          resources:
+            requests:
+              cpu: "100m"
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 80
+```
+
+## Gateway
+
+Deploys an Istio gateway that's listening to the port `80` for `HTTP` traffic.
+
+It doesn't filter for any specific host.
+
+The `selector` field is used to "choose" which Istio Load Balancers will have this gateway assigned to.
+
+The Istio `default` profile creates a Load Balancer in the namespace `istio-system` that has the label `istio: ingressgateway` set, allowing us to target that specific Load Balancer and assign this gateway resource to it.
+
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-gateway
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  selector:
+    istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
+  servers:
+    - port:
+        number: 80
+        name: http
+        protocol: HTTP
+      hosts:
+        - "*"
+```
+
+## VirtualService
+
+The Virtual Service resources are used to route and filter the received traffic from the gateway resources, and route it towards the desired destination.
+
+On this example we select the gateway `helloworld-gateway`, which is the [gateway that 's described in the `Gateway` section](#gateway).
+
+On this resource, we are also not limiting the incoming traffic to any specific host, allowing for all the incoming traffic to go through the rules set.
+
+Here we created a rule that will be applied on `HTTP` related traffic (including `HTTPS` and `HTTP2`) when the destination path is exactly `/helloworld`.
+
+This traffic will be forwarded to the port `80` of the destination service `helloworld` located in the namespace `foo`.
+
+There will be an internal URL rewrite set, as if the URL is not modified, it would attempt to reach to the `/helloworld` path from the Nginx deployment, which currently has no content and would result in an error code `404` (Not found).
+
+Also, there's been configured 2 destinations under the same rule, each one with a `subset` set, which will be used by the [DestinationRule](#destinationrule) object to manage the traffic from each destination.
+
+As well, where each one of the destinations mentioned, has a `weight` set, this value will be used to distribute the incoming requests towards the specified subsets.
+
+> **Note:**
+> A 20% of the traffic will be sent to the `subset` v1, meanwhile 80% will be sent to the `subset` v2.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v1
+          weight: 20
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v2
+          weight: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"
+```
+## DestinationRule
+
+This `DestinationRule` interferes with the traffic with destination `helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local`.
+
+Contains 2 subsets defined, where each one will target a different backend.
+
+A reminder that the `version: v1` was given to the Nginx backend, meanwhile the Apache backend had set `version: v2`.
+
+This resource is created in the namespace `foo`.
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: DestinationRule
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  namespace: foo
+spec:
+  host: helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local # Full destination service, lil better for consistency
+  subsets:
+    - name: v1
+      labels:
+        version: v1
+    - name: v2
+      labels:
+        version: v2
+```
+
+
+## Deploy resources
+
+Deploy the resources.
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f ./
+```
+```text 
+deployment.apps/helloworld-v1 created
+deployment.apps/helloworld-v2 created
+destinationrule.networking.istio.io/helloworld.default.svc.cluster.local created
+gateway.networking.istio.io/helloworld-gateway created
+service/helloworld created
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io/helloworld-vs created
+```
+
+## Wait for the pods to be ready
+
+Wait for the Apache and Nginx deployments to be up and ready.
+
+```shell
+watch -n 2 kubectl get deployment helloworld-v{1..2} 
+```
+```text 
+NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
+helloworld-v1   1/1     1            1           58s
+helloworld-v2   1/1     1            1           58s
+```
+
+## Test the service
+
+### Get LB IP
+
+To perform the desired tests, we will need to obtain the IP Istio Load Balancer that we selected in the [Gateway section](#gateway).
+
+On my environment, the IP is the `192.168.1.50`.
+
+```shell
+kubectl get svc -l istio=ingressgateway -A
+```
+```text
+NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)                                      AGE
+istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.97.47.216   192.168.1.50   15021:31316/TCP,80:32012/TCP,443:32486/TCP   39h
+```
+
+### Curl
+
+As we can see, we can reach out to the service, now located in the namespace `foo`.
+
+As well, if we check the ration on which we reached the backends, we can still see how the [VirtualService](#virtualservice) weight configured to the subsets is still being applied.
+
+> Nginx: 3\
+> Apache: 9
+
+```text
+curl 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>" 
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+
+$ 192.168.1.50/helloworld -s | grep "<h1>.*</h1>"
+<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
+```
+
+
+## Cleanup
+
+Finally, a cleanup from the resources deployed.
+
+```shell
+kubectl delete -f ./
+```
+```text
+namespace "foo" deleted
+deployment.apps "helloworld-v1" deleted
+deployment.apps "helloworld-v2" deleted
+destinationrule.networking.istio.io "helloworld" deleted
+gateway.networking.istio.io "helloworld-gateway" deleted
+service "helloworld" deleted
+virtualservice.networking.istio.io "helloworld-vs" deleted
+```

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/Service.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld
+  namespace: foo
+  labels:
+    app: helloworld
+    service: helloworld
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      name: http
+  selector:
+    app: helloworld

01-Getting_Started/04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace/VirtualService.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  name: helloworld-vs
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  hosts:
+    - "*"
+  gateways:
+    - helloworld-gateway
+  http:
+    - match:
+        - uri:
+            exact: /helloworld
+      route:
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v1
+          weight: 20
+        - destination:
+            host: helloworld.foo.svc.cluster.local
+            port:
+              number: 80
+            subset: v2
+          weight: 80
+      rewrite:
+        uri: "/"

01-Getting_Started/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+gitea: none
+include_toc: true
+---
+
+# Getting Started
+
+The idea of these examples is to get yourself familiarized with the basic elements used on Istio, allowing you to explore the documentation as well of proceeding with other examples or tests on your onw.
+
+On these examples you will find the following Istio resources:
+
+- Gateway
+- VirtualService
+- DestinationRule
+
+# Examples
+
+- 01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment
+
+- 02-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_unmanaged
+
+- 03-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version
+
+- 04-hello_world_1_service_2_deployments_managed_version_foo_namespace
+
+
+# How to get started?
+
+## Install Istio
+
+Follow [this](https://istio.io/latest/docs/setup/getting-started/) guide to install the `default` profile.
+
+Specifically, the steps of [Download Istio](https://istio.io/latest/docs/setup/getting-started/#download) and [Install Istio][https://istio.io/latest/docs/setup/getting-started/#install). 
+
+Once this is set, proceed with the rest of the installation.
+
+## Setting up a Cluster?
+
+Consider using this.
+
+It's what I used to set up my labs for testing (which is the environment that I to do this repository/set of examples).
+
+https://gitea.filterhome.xyz/ofilter/ansible_kubernetes_cluster
+
+Also, I have added MetalLB to allow for my Load Balancers to get a Local IP and be available through the local network environment.

02-Traffic_management/06-hello_world_1_HTTPS-Service_Entry/README.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ spec:
 
 ## DestinationRule
 
-As seen in the example [02-Traffic_management/09-HTTPS-backend](../../02-Traffic_management/09-HTTPS-backend), where we configure Istio to use an `HTTPS` backend, the same configuration is applied on this case (yes, I am aware that a `ServiceEntry` is also a backend).
+As seen in the example [02-Traffic_management/09-HTTPS-backend](../09-HTTPS-backend), where we configure Istio to use an `HTTPS` backend, the same configuration is applied on this case (yes, I am aware that a `ServiceEntry` is also a backend).
 
 For such, we deploy a `DestinationRule` setting to expect to terminate the TLS traffic, for the traffic with resource destination `github.com`, and port `8443`, which matches the settings set in our [ServiceEntry](#serviceentry) deployed.
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ I mean, we can use curl but it's certainly quite an ugly output, it works tho.
 
 As performing the test through `curl` is ugly, here is a screenshot of the setting working correctly.
 
-![github-screenshot.png](./src/github-screenshot.png)
+![github-screenshot.png](src/github-screenshot.png)
 
 ## Cleanup
 

02-Traffic_management/06-mTLS/README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ include_toc: true
 
 # Based on
 
-- [01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment](../../01-Simple/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment)
+- [01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment](../../01-Getting%20Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment)
 
 ## Description
 

02-Traffic_management/07-HTTPS-Gateway-Simple-TLS/README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ include_toc: true
 
 # Based on
 
-- [01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment](../../01-Simple/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment)
+- [01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment](../../01-Getting%20Started/01-hello_world_1_service_1_deployment)
 
 # Description
 

04-Envoy/01-envoy_add_headers/deployment.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Service
 metadata: